Research Misconduct

Research misconduct may include fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, data manipulation, image manipulation, duplicate submission, redundant publication, authorship abuse, citation manipulation, and interference with peer review.
Allegations will be assessed objectively and confidentially.
The journal may request explanations, raw data, documentation, institutional information, or other evidence.
Appropriate action may include rejection, correction, expression of concern, retraction, notification of institutions, or other measures consistent with the seriousness of the case.